Nd:YVO4 Crystals

Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium doped yttrium Vanadate) crystal is one of the most efficient laser host crystals for all-solid-state laser diode pumped lasers. Its large stimulated emission cross-section at lasing wavelength, high absorption coefficient and wide absorption bandwidth at pump wavelength, high laser induced damage threshold as well as good physical, optical and mechanical properties make it an excellent crystal for high power, stable and cost-effective diode pumped solid-state lasers.

Nd:YVO4 crystals with diffusion bonded undoped YVO4 endcaps are also available from Newlight Photonics. Please visit here.

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Model	Name	doping	coating	attr_size	Price	Availability	Action
NYV3100-D02-AR	Nd:YVO4 crystal, Size 3x3x10mm, Nd doping: 0.2% (atm.), AR@1064nm, HT@808nm	0.2% Nd (atm.)	AR@1064nm	3x3x10mm	Ask	Out Of Stock
NYV4120-D02-AR	Nd:YVO4 crystal, Size 4x4x12mm, Nd doping: 0.2% (atm.), AR@1064nm, HT@808nm	0.2% Nd (atm.)	AR@1064nm	4x4x12mm	Ask	Out Of Stock
NYV3030-D10-AR	Nd:YVO4 crystal, Size 3x3x3.0mm, Nd doping: 1.0% (atm.), AR@1064nm, HT@808nm	1.0% Nd (atm.)	AR@1064nm	3x3x3.0mm	USD$299.00	Out Of Stock
NYV3010-D20-AR	Nd:YVO4 crystal, Size 3x3x1.0mm, Nd doping: 2.0% (atm.), AR@1064nm, HT@808nm	2.0% Nd (atm.)	AR@1064nm	3x3x1.0mm	Ask	Out Of Stock
NYV3040-D20-AR	Nd:YVO4 crystal, Size 3x3x4.0mm, Nd doping: 2.0% (atm.), AR@1064nm, HT@808nm	2.0% Nd (atm.)	AR@1064nm	3x3x4.0mm	Ask	Out Of Stock

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Newlight's Nd:YVO4 features,

Low lasing threshold and high slope efficiency

Large stimulated emission cross-section at lasing wavelength

High absorption over a wide range of pumping wavelength

Large birefringence emitting polarized light

Low sensitivity to pumping wavelength variation

Basic Properties:

Atomic Density	1.26x10²⁰ atoms/cm³ (Nd doping:1.0%)
Crystal Structure	Tetragonal, space group I41/amd a=b=7.1193, c=6.2892
Density	4.22g/cm³
Melting Temperature	1825 ^oC
Mohs Hardness	4-5
Specific Heat @25^oC	24.6 (cal/mol/K)
Thermal Expansion Coefficients (@300K)	α_a=4.43x10^-6/K α_c=11.37x10^-6/K
Thermal Conductivity Coefficients(@300K)	//C: 5.23W/m/K ⊥C: 5.10W/m/K

Optical Properties:

Lasing Wavelength	1064.3nm, 1342nm
Thermo-optical Coefficient (@300K)	dn_o/dT=8.5x10^-6/K dn_e/dT=2.9x10^-6/K
Sellmeier Equations for Pure YVO₄ crystals ( λ in µm)	n_o²=3.77834+0.069736/(λ²-0.04724)-0.0108133λ² n_e²=4.59905+0.110534/(λ²-0.04813)-0.0122676λ²
Refractive Index (@1064nm)	n_o=1.958, n_e=2.168
Stimulated Emission Cross- section	25x10^-19cm²@1064nm
Fluorescent Lifetime	95 µs
Peak absorption wavelength	808 nm
Absorption Coefficient (1% Nd)	22.8 cm^-1 (E//c), 11.1 cm^-1 (E//a) @ 808nm
Intrinsic Loss	0.02 cm^-1 @ 1064nm
Gain Bandwidth	0.96nm @ 1064nm
Polarized Laser Emission	Parallel to the optic axis (c-axis)

Laser Properties:

The Nd:YVO4 crystal has large stimulated emission cross-sections at both 1064nm and 1342nm. The stimulated emission cross-section of an a-axis cut Nd:YVO4 crystal at 1064nm is about 4 times higher than that of the Nd:YAG crystal. Although the lifetime of Nd:YVO4 is about 2.7 times shorter than that of Nd:YAG, the slope efficiency of a Nd:YVO4 laser can be very high if the laser cavity is properly designed thanks to its high pump quantum efficiency, . Table 1 lists the major laser properties of Nd:YVO4 in comparison with those of Nd:YAG. Table 2 gives the performance of a few examples of Nd:YVO4 lasers.

Table 1. Laser Properties of Nd:YVO4 in comparison with Nd:YAG

Laser crystal	Doping (atm%)	σ (x10^-19cm²)	α (cm-1)	τ (µs)	P_th (mW)	Effi. (%)
Nd:YVO4 (a-cut)	1.0 2.0	25 25	23 46	90 50	30 78	52 48.6
Nd:YVO4 (c-cut)	1.1	7	9.2	90	231	45.5
Nd:YAG	0.85	6	7.1	230	115	38.6

Table 2. Diode pumped Nd:YVO4 laser output compared with that of a Nd:YAG laser (Examples)

Crystals	Size (mm³)	Pump Power	Output (@ 1064nm)
Nd:YVO4	3x3x1	850mW	350mW
Nd:YVO4	3x3x5	15W	6W
Nd:YAG	3x3x2	850mW	34mW

Specifications on finished Nd:YVO₄:

Nd: Dopant Level	0.1 - 3.0% (Atomic Pencentage, atm%)
Wavefront Distortion	< λ/4 per inch @ 633 nm
Scattering Sites	Invisible when probed with a He-Ne laser
Orientation	The propagation axis is along the a-axis (+/- 0.5deg.)
Dimensional Tolerance	+/- 0.1mm
End-faces Configuration	Plano/Plano
Surface Quality:	10/5 Scratch/Dig per MIL-O-13830B
Flatness	λ/10 at 633 nm
Clear Aperture	> Central 90%
Parallelism	< 10 arc sec.
Intrinsic Loss	< 0.1% cm-1

Standard coatings:

AR/AR coating:
First surface S1: AR@1064nm(R<0.1%), HT@808nm(T>95%);
Second surface S2: AR@1064nm

HR/AR coating:
First surface S1: HR@1064nm(R>99.8%), HT@808nm(T>95%);
Second surface S2: AR@1064nm

Crystal holders:

Crystal holders with or without water fittings can be manufactured to be compatible with the customer lasers. Indium foil can be supplied for crystal wrapping.